Final proposal for encoding the Bassa Vah script in the SMP of the UCS

This is a proposal to encode the Bassa Vah script in the international character encoding standard Unicode. This script was published in Unicode Standard version 7.0 in June 2014. The Bassa Vah script was used to write the Bassa language of Liberia

Proposal to encode modern Bamum in the BMP of the UCS

This is a proposal to encode the modern Bamum script in the international character encoding standard Unicode. The script was published in Unicode Standard version 5.2 in October 2009. The script was developed between 1896 and 1910, primarily by King Ibrahim Njoya of the Bamum Kingdom. The script went through six stages; the modern version, contained in this proposal, is a simplified version of the historic script (which was separately proposed in and published in Unicode 6.0)

Proposal for encoding additional Bamum characters in the SMP of the UCS

This is a proposal to encode the historic characters of the Bamum script in the international character encoding standard Unicode. This set of extensions, which appear in the Bamum Supplement block, was published in Unicode Standard version 6.0 in October 2010. The Bamum scripts developed through a series of phases. The characters in this proposal were used to write the Bamum language of the Cameroon in the earlier phases of the script. (The modern orthography uses characters in the main Bamum block and were proposed in .

Application of formal optimization techniques in thermal/structural design of a heat-pipe-cooled panel for a hypersonic vehicle

Nonlinear mathematical programming methods are used to design a radiantly cooled and heat-pipe-cooled panel for a Mach 6.7 transport. The cooled portion of the panel is a hybrid heat-pipe/actively cooled design which uses heat pipes to transport the absorbed heat to the ends of the panel where it is removed by active cooling. The panels are optimized for minimum mass and to satisfy a set of heat-pipe, structural, geometric, and minimum-gage constraints. Two panel concepts are investigated: cylindrical heat pipes embedded in a honeycomb core and an integrated design which uses a web-core heat-pipe sandwich concept. The latter was lighter and resulted in a design which was less than 10 percent heavier than an all actively cooled concept. The heat-pipe concept, however, is redundant and can sustain a single-point failure, whereas the actively cooled concept cannot. An additional study was performed to determine the optimum number of coolant manifolds per panel for a minimum-mass design

Development and growth of hatchery-reared larval Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus)

Although the Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) is a prime candidate for aquaculture, the problematic production of juveniles remains a major impediment to commercial culture of this species. In order to improve the understanding of larval development and to refine hatchery production techniques, this study was conducted to characterize development and growth of Florida pompano from hatching through metamorphosis by using digital photography and image analysis. Newly hatched larvae were transparent and had a large, elongate yolk sac and single oil globule. The lower and upper jaws as well as the digestive tract were not fully developed at hatching. Rotifers were observed in the stomach of larvae at three days after hatching (DAH), and Artemia spp. were observed in the stomach of larvae at 14 DAH. Growth rates calculated from total length measurements were 0.22 ±0.04, 0.23 ±0.12, and 0.35 ±0.09 mm/d for each of the larval rearing trials. The mouth gape of larvae was 0.266 ±0.075 mm at first feeding and increased with a growth rate of 0.13 ± 0.04 mm/d. Predicted values for optimal prey sizes ranged from 80 to 130 μm at 3 DAH, 160 to 267 μm at 5 DAH, and 454 to 757 μm at 10 DAH. Based on the findings of this study, a refined feeding regime was developed to provide stage- and size-specific guidelines for feeding Florida pompano larvae reared under hatchery co

A Portable Toolkit for Testing Bridge Structural Integrity

The goal of this study was to develop a cost-effective, accurate, and easily deployed evaluation tool using widely available mobile technology (specifically iPods) to measure the dynamic structural response of a bridge subjected to harmonic forcing. Researchers leveraged principles of structural mechanics, dynamics, and vibrations, as well as a significant body of literature, to conceive a system that could complement existing visual inspection methods to support bridge condition evaluation and rating. The outcome of the project is the Rapidly Deployable Structural Evaluation Toolkit for Global Observation, or RDSETGO

The Ecology of Water Areas Associated with Coal Strip-Mined Lands in Ohio

Author Institution: Department of Biology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohi

Energetic and environmental benefits of co-digestion of food waste and cattle slurry: a preliminary assessment

The research evaluated the feasibility of centralised pre-processing and pasteurisation of source-separated domestic food waste followed by transport to farms for anaerobic co-digestion with dairy cattle slurry. Data from long-term experiments on the co-digestion of these two substrates was used to predict gross energy yields; net yields were then derived from full system analysis using an energy modelling tool. The ratio of cattle slurry to food waste in the co-digestion was based on the nutrient requirements of the dairy farm and was modelled using both nitrogen and phosphorous as the limiting factor. The model was run for both medium-size and large farms in which the cattle were housed either all year round or for only 50% of the year. The results showed that the addition of food waste improved energy yields per digester unit volume, with a corresponding increased potential for improving farm income by as much as 50%. Data for dairy farms in the county of Hampshire UK, which has a low density of dairy cattle and a large population, was used as a stringent test case to verify the applicability of the concept. In this particular case the nutrient requirements of the larger farms could be satisfied, and further benefits were gained from the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions avoided through improved manure management and fertiliser imports. The results indicated that this approach offered major advantages in terms of resource conservation and pollution abatement when compared to either centralised anaerobic digestion of food waste or energy recovery from thermal treatmen